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If the instrument stands on level ground, so that the observer's eye is always at the same height, and if the interval between two successive spikes is equal to one-tenth of their altitude above the eye-level of the observer, one only needs to multiply the time required for the cloud to pass over one interval by 10 to determine the time the ...
A ceilometer is a device that uses a laser or other light source to determine the height of a cloud ceiling or cloud base. [1] Ceilometers can also be used to measure the aerosol concentration within the atmosphere. [2] A ceilometer that uses laser light is a type of atmospheric lidar (light detection and ranging) instrument. [3] [4]
The observer looks through the eyepiece and sets the sight onto the spot projected on the cloud and reads the height from the attached scale. When the cloud is thin the beam of light may penetrate into the cloud. The observer should read the scale where the light first enters the cloud and not at the top.
Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory. Used to study rainfall and snowfall. [11] [12] GOES-16, -17: Active NASA 2016 monitors weather for NOAA. GRACE-FO: Active NASA 2018 [13] [14] Gravity and climate. The mission will track changes in global sea levels, glaciers, and ice sheets, as well as large lake and river water levels ...
On the top right corner of the model for a surface weather map is the pressure, showing the last two integer digits of the pressure in millibars, or hectopascals, along with the first decimal. For instance, if the pressure at a certain location is 999.7 hPa, the pressure portion of the station model will read 997.
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If these elements for any étage at the time of observation are deemed to be of equal importance, then the type which is predominant in amount is coded by the observer and plotted on the weather map using the appropriate symbol. Special weather maps in aviation show areas of icing and turbulence. [26]
The Citizen Weather Observer Program is a program to collect surface weather observations from thousands of privately operated weather stations, into the FindU database, and forward it to the Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS Archived 2009-03-12 at the Wayback Machine), operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).