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The sea butterflies form the sole food source of their relatives, the Gymnosomata. [8] They are also consumed by sea birds, whales, and commercially important fish. However, if sea butterflies are consumed in large quantities fish can get "black gut", which makes them unsellable.
This is viscous and darkens when exposed to air, becoming a water-insoluble, rubbery material which soon sets solid. [42] Butterflies in the genus Agathymus do not fix their eggs to a leaf; instead, the newly laid eggs fall to the base of the plant. [43] Eggs are almost invariably laid on plants.
These butterflies collectively emerge in the beginning and the end of the wet season in Cerrado. [5] They do not appear in the middle of the wet season because the heavy rain can cause physical harm to their wings. Their emergence depends on the availability of food which is dependent on climate. [5]
Three days before the adults emerge, developing parasite spores can be seen through their pupal integuments. The adult butterflies emerge covered with spores, mostly on their abdomens. Parasites do not continue to replicate on adult butterflies, and spores must be eaten by larvae before they can cause new infections. [7]
Mayflies "hatch" (emerge as adults) from spring to autumn, not necessarily in May, in enormous numbers. Some hatches attract tourists. Fly fishermen make use of mayfly hatches by choosing artificial fishing flies that resemble them. One of the most famous English mayflies is Rhithrogena germanica, the fisherman's "March brown mayfly". [3]
New behaviors emerge such as the development of social nectaring groups and late afternoon formation of night-time clusters or roosts. [33] Roosting reduces water loss, probably due to decreased surface-area-to-volume ratios reducing evaporative water loss. [34]
These butterfly plants are sun worshippers, too, and do best when they get at least six hours of sunshine. USDA Hardiness Zones: 3-8 chuchart duangdaw - Getty Images
The butterfly may have one or two generations in the north, while southern areas may have three. Time duration for various stages is as follows: Egg - It takes three to five days for eggs to hatch. Larva - The caterpillar has five instars. Pupa - The chrysalis stage lasts nine to eleven days, or over winter hibernation.