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A social norm is a shared standard of acceptable behavior by a group. [1] Social norms can both be informal understandings that govern the behavior of members of a society, as well as be codified into rules and laws. [2]
Robert King Merton (born Meyer Robert Schkolnick; July 4, 1910 – February 23, 2003) was an American sociologist who is considered a founding father of modern sociology, and a major contributor to the subfield of criminology.
Orders and permissions express norms. Such norm sentences do not describe how the world is, they rather prescribe how the world should be. Imperative sentences are the most obvious way to express norms, but declarative sentences also may be norms, as is the case with laws or 'principles'.
Born in 1919 in Fergus Falls, Minnesota, he obtained his bachelor's degree from Iowa State College in 1943 and earned his Ph.D. from Indiana University in 1950. [4] He taught sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. [4]
Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory that studies the social behavior in the interaction of two parties that implement a cost-benefit analysis to determine risks and benefits.
Fuller was born in Hereford, Texas and grew up in the Imperial Valley in Southern California.He went to Stanford University as an undergraduate and for law school. [3] He taught at the University of Oregon School of Law, then at Duke University School of Law, where one of his students was future US president Richard Nixon.