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An echocardiogram displaying the true lumen and false lumen of an aortic dissection: In the image to the left, the intimal flap can be seen separating the two lumens. In the image to the right, color flow during ventricular systole suggests that the upper lumen is the true lumen.
The area where blood collects between the tunica intima and the media is called a false lumen, and the true lumen is the regular lumen of the blood vessel. Since high pressure is a cause of aortic dissection, it’s no surprise that the aorta is the prime target for this problem. So what causes aortic dissections?
Arterial dissections become life-threatening when growth of the false lumen prevents perfusion of the true lumen and the related end organs. For example, in an aortic dissection, if the left subclavian artery orifice were distal to the origin of the dissection, then the left subclavian would be said to be perfused by the false lumen, while the left common carotid (and its end organ, the left ...
Aortography involves placement of a catheter in the aorta and injection of contrast material while taking X-rays of the aorta.The procedure is known as an aortogram. The diagnosis of aortic dissection can be made by visualization of the intimal flap and flow of contrast material in both the true lumen and the false lumen.
A pseudoaneurysm, also known as a false aneurysm, is a locally contained hematoma outside an artery or the heart due to damage to the vessel wall. [1] The injury passes through all three layers of the arterial wall , causing a leak, which is contained by a new, weak "wall" formed by the products of the clotting cascade . [ 1 ]
It refers to a dissection that occurs solely in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), typically spontaneously, and does not involve the aorta. [1] Although aortic dissection can frequently extend into its peripheral territories, it is rare for these branches to have dissection without main aortic trunk involvement. The SMA is the most common ...
In dissection, the inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle (tunica media) by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, because of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly ...
A tear in vasa vasorum situated in tunica media layer of aorta may start pathologic cascade of events leading to aortic dissection. [4] Presence of corkscrew collateral vessels in vasa vasorum is a hallmark of Buerger's disease and distinguishes it from Raynaud's phenomenon. [11]