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The main treaty was opened for signature on 1 December 1959, and officially entered into force on 23 June 1961. [4] The original signatories were the 12 countries active in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–58: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. [1]
The Antarctic Conservation Act, enacted in 1978 by the 95th United States Congress (Pub. L. 95–541), and amended by Pub. L. 104–227 (text), is a United States federal law that addresses the issue of environmental conservation on the continent of Antarctica.
Shortly after the discovery of Antarctica, people began hunting seals at an unsustainable rate. [6] [7] Many species were close to extinction before the signing of CCAS.[6]It was opened for ratification on 1 June 1972, [3] and entered into force on 11 March 1978.
Antarctic interests in the late 1940s were increasing, with nations fighting over territory in the Antarctic Peninsula region.Fear of open conflict from these nations, as well as fear of Antarctica becoming involved in the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, led to the first discussions of Antarctic diplomacy and treaties. [6]
Pages in category "Antarctica agreements" The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. A.
The treaty set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, established freedom of scientific investigation and banned military activity on that continent. This was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War. The Antarctic Treaty states that contracting to the treaty: is not a renunciation of any previous territorial claim
Antarctic Treaty, Washington, DC, 1959; Amazon Cooperation Treaty, Brasilia, 1978; Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Nairobi, 1992; Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), Bonn, 1979; Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), Washington, DC, 1973
New Zealand is signatory to the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, which comes into effect in 1982. [9] 1982. 20 January Rob Muldoon becomes the first sitting Prime Minister of New Zealand to visit Antarctica. [9] June Antarctic Treaty nations meet in Wellington to discuss the exploitation of Antarctica's ...