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A bitwise AND is a binary operation that takes two equal-length binary representations and performs the logical AND operation on each pair of the corresponding bits. Thus, if both bits in the compared position are 1, the bit in the resulting binary representation is 1 (1 × 1 = 1); otherwise, the result is 0 (1 × 0 = 0 and 0 × 0 = 0).
Source code that does bit manipulation makes use of the bitwise operations: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, and possibly other operations analogous to the boolean operators; there are also bit shifts and operations to count ones and zeros, find high and low one or zero, set, reset and test bits, extract and insert fields, mask and zero fields, gather and ...
You will note that the code corresponds to the lsbit-first byte-at-a-time algorithm presented here, and the table is generated using the bit-at-a-time code. Function CRC32 Input: data: Bytes // Array of bytes Output: crc32: UInt32 // 32-bit unsigned CRC-32 value // Initialize CRC-32 to starting value crc32 ← 0xFFFFFFFF
In computer science, a mask or bitmask is data that is used for bitwise operations, particularly in a bit field.Using a mask, multiple bits in a byte, nibble, word, etc. can be set either on or off, or inverted from on to off (or vice versa) in a single bitwise operation.
The formal definition of an arithmetic shift, from Federal Standard 1037C is that it is: . A shift, applied to the representation of a number in a fixed radix numeration system and in a fixed-point representation system, and in which only the characters representing the fixed-point part of the number are moved.
For a fixed length n, the Hamming distance is a metric on the set of the words of length n (also known as a Hamming space), as it fulfills the conditions of non-negativity, symmetry, the Hamming distance of two words is 0 if and only if the two words are identical, and it satisfies the triangle inequality as well: [2] Indeed, if we fix three words a, b and c, then whenever there is a ...
The bitap algorithm (also known as the shift-or, shift-and or Baeza-Yates-Gonnet algorithm) is an approximate string matching algorithm. The algorithm tells whether a given text contains a substring which is "approximately equal" to a given pattern, where approximate equality is defined in terms of Levenshtein distance – if the substring and pattern are within a given distance k of each ...
The simplest checksum algorithm is the so-called longitudinal parity check, which breaks the data into "words" with a fixed number n of bits, and then computes the bitwise exclusive or (XOR) of all those words. The result is appended to the message as an extra word.