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[clarification needed] The technology of CDMA was used in 1957, when the young military radio engineer Leonid Kupriyanovich in Moscow made an experimental model of a wearable automatic mobile phone, called LK-1 by him, with a base station. [8] LK-1 has a weight of 3 kg, 20–30 km operating distance, and 20–30 hours of battery life.
UTRA-TDD (Time Division Duplex), on the other hand, combines CDMA with TDMA and TDD. In this scheme, the same frequency band is used for both uplink and downlink, but at different times. This time-based separation is particularly advantageous in scenarios with asymmetric traffic loads, where the data rates for uplink and downlink differ ...
In CDMA or QDMA, a new user is simply allocated a new code and is ready to go. It may impose a slight load on the spectrum, but the system is so devised as to absorb a controlled measure of collisions and continue operations at a high level of quality of service.
In digital communications, a chip is a pulse of a direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) code, such as a pseudo-random noise (PN) code sequence used in direct-sequence code-division multiple access (CDMA) channel access techniques.
CDMA service suspended starting from 31 October 2017. BSNL India: CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A 800 Mar 2005: Mar 2016 [73] [74] [75] MTS India: CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. B 800 Sep 2003: Nov 2017 [76] [77] [78] RCOM India: CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A 800 May 2003: Jun 2016 [79] [80] Tata Docomo India: CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. B 800 Nov 2002 ...
Nellore Municipal Corporation is the civic body of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. It has a population of 6,00,869 (2011 census). It is located 279km from the capital city. It was established as Nellore Municipality in 1884 and was constituted as a municipal corporation in 2004. [1] There are two zones and 54 election wards in this municipality.
The time-division multiple access (TDMA) channel access scheme is based on the time-division multiplexing (TDM) scheme. TDMA provides different time slots to different transmitters in a cyclically repetitive frame structure. For example, node 1 may use time slot 1, node 2 time slot 2, etc. until the last transmitter when it starts over.
Frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) is a channel access method used in some multiple-access protocols. FDMA allows multiple users to send data through a single communication channel, such as a coaxial cable or microwave beam, by dividing the bandwidth of the channel into separate non-overlapping frequency sub-channels and allocating each sub-channel to a separate user.