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Insensitive nuclei enhancement by polarization transfer (INEPT) is a signal enhancement method used in NMR spectroscopy.It involves the transfer of nuclear spin polarization from spins with large Boltzmann population differences to nuclear spins of interest with lower Boltzmann population differences. [1]
When electron spin polarization deviates from its thermal equilibrium value, polarization transfers between electrons and nuclei can occur spontaneously through electron-nuclear cross relaxation or spin-state mixing among electrons and nuclei. For example, polarization transfer is spontaneous after a homolysis chemical reaction.
The HSQC experiment is a highly sensitive 2D-NMR experiment and was first described in a 1 H— 15 N system, but is also applicable to other nuclei such as 1 H— 13 C and 1 H— 31 P. The basic scheme of this experiment involves the transfer of magnetization on the proton to the second nucleus, which may be 15 N, 13 C or 31 P, via an INEPT ...
Graphical representation of the INEPT NMR pulse sequence. INEPT is utilized often to improve 15 N resolution because it can accommodate negative gyromagnetic ratios, increases Boltzmann polarization, and decreases T 1 relaxation. [3] Insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer (INEPT) is a signal
The nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) is the transfer of nuclear spin polarization from one population of spin-active nuclei (e.g. 1 H, 13 C, 15 N etc.) to another via cross-relaxation.
Considering these techniques from the opposite perspective, that magnetization (i.e. spin polarization) is being transferred from the bulk water to the spin-saturated hydration population, allows one to conceptually unify chemical exchange methods with other techniques that transfer magnetization between nuclei populations.
CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization), often pronounced like "kidnip", is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique that is used to study chemical reactions that involve radicals. It detects the non-Boltzmann (non-thermal) nuclear spin state distribution produced in these reactions as enhanced absorption or emission signals.
The above reaction involves "mirror nuclei", nuclei in which the numbers of protons and neutrons are interchanged. One can measure the angular distributions of β particles with respect to the axis of nuclear spin polarization to determine what the mixture is between the two decay types (Fermi and Gamow–Teller).