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1957 – Rambler Rebel announced Electrojector electronic fuel injection option, however no production models were offered with the option. 1964 – Ion engine invented. [21] 1966 – RD-0410 nuclear thermal rocket engine was ground-tested. 1960s – alternators replace generators on automobile engines. [22]
Internal combustion engines date back to between the 10th and 13th centuries, when the first rocket engines were invented in China. Following the first commercial steam engine (a type of external combustion engine) by Thomas Savery in 1698, various efforts were made during the 18th century to develop equivalent internal combustion engines.
Kush developed the Sakia during the 4th century BC, which relied on animal power instead of human energy. [15] Reservoirs in the form of Hafirs were developed in Kush to boost irrigation. [16] Sappers were employed to build causeways during military campaigns. [17] Kushite ancestors built speos between 3700 and 3250 BC. [18]
The Lower Paleolithic period lasted over 3 million years, during which there many human-like species evolved including toward the end of this period, Homo sapiens.The original divergence between humans and chimpanzees occurred 13 (), however interbreeding continued until as recently as 4 Ma, with the first species clearly belonging to the human (and not chimpanzee) lineage being ...
The crankshaft was invented by Al-Jazari in 1206, [63] [64] and is central to modern machinery such as the steam engine, internal combustion engine and automatic controls. [65] [66] The camshaft was also first described by Al-Jazari in 1206. [67] Early programmable machines were also invented in the Muslim world.
(Savery engines were re-introduced in the 1780s to recirculate water to water wheels driving textile mills, especially in periods of drought). c. 1705 ( 1705 ) : Thomas Newcomen develops the atmospheric engine , which, unlike the Savery pump, employs a piston in a cylinder; the vacuum pulling the piston down to the bottom of the cylinder when ...
The smaller engines were commonly air-cooled and located at the rear of the vehicle; compression ratios were relatively low. The 1970s and 1980s saw an increased interest in improved fuel economy , which caused a return to smaller V-6 and four-cylinder layouts, with as many as five valves per cylinder to improve efficiency.
The first commercially successful internal combustion engines were invented in the mid-19th century. The first modern internal combustion engine, the Otto engine, was designed in 1876 by the German engineer Nicolaus Otto. [1]