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Although the overseas territories under the jurisdiction of the Spanish crown are now commonly called "colonies" the term was not used until the second half of 18th century. The process of Spanish settlement, now called "colonization" and the "colonial era" are terms contested by scholars of Latin America [2] [3] [4] and more generally. [5]
The reasons for the Greeks to establish colonies were strong economic growth with the consequent overpopulation of the motherland, [1] and that the land of these Greek city states could not support a large city. The areas that the Greeks would try to colonise were hospitable and fertile.
In ancient times, parts of the Mediterranean coast of Spain were colonized by Greeks (Emporion/Empúries and Rhodha/Roses, Girona, plus Zacantha/Sagunt and Dianion/Denia near Valencia). In the late Middle Ages , parts of Greece came under Aragonese rule (the Duchy of Athens and the Duchy of Neopatras ).
The Spanish are thought to have lacked incentives for further conquests south; [7] the indigenous populations were sparse and did not engage in the sedentary agricultural life of the Spanish. [7] Through the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain considered the Pacific Ocean a Mare clausum – a sea closed to other naval powers. [8]
In Tenerife the highest figure was known as the Mencey, although, by the time the first Spanish incursions in the Canaries took place, Tenerife had already been divided into nine menceyatos (i.e. separate regions of the island controlled by its own Mencey), [13] namely Anaga, Tegueste, Tacoronte, Taoro, Icod, Daute, Adeje, Abona and Güimar.
During the Habsburg rule, the Spanish Empire significantly expanded its territories in the Americas, beginning with the conquest of the Aztec Empire; these conquests were achieved not by the Spanish army, but by small groups of adventurers—artisans, traders, gentry, and peasants—who operated independently under the crown's encomienda system.
During the period of Spanish settlement and colonization of the New World, the Spanish West Indies referred to those settlements in islands of the Caribbean Sea under political administration of Spain, as in the phrase "a 1765 cedula authorized seven sea ports, in addition to the port of San Juan, to trade with the Spanish Caribbean."
Ancient Greek colonies. Another reason was the strong economic growth with the consequent overpopulation of the motherland. [5] The terrain that some of these Greek city-states were in could not support a large city. Politics was also the reason as refugees from Greek city-states tended to settle away from these cities in the colonies. [24]