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Ruthenium dioxide with lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors. [55] [56] [57] These two electronic applications account for 50% of the ruthenium consumption. [24] Ruthenium is seldom alloyed with metals outside the platinum group, where small quantities improve some properties.
With its similar properties to and lower cost than rhodium, electric contacts are a major use of ruthenium. The ruthenium plate is applied to the electrical contact and electrode base metal by electroplating or sputtering. Osmium is a hard but brittle metal that remains lustrous even at high temperatures. It has a very low compressibility.
The platinum-group metals [a] (PGMs) are six noble, precious metallic elements clustered together in the periodic table. These elements are all transition metals in the d-block (groups 8, 9, and 10, periods 5 and 6). [1] The six platinum-group metals are ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum.
The properties of ruthenium and osmium compounds are often similar. The +2, +3, and +4 states are the most common. The +2, +3, and +4 states are the most common. The most prevalent precursor is ruthenium trichloride , a red solid that is poorly defined chemically but versatile synthetically.
Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride is the chloride salt coordination complex with the formula [Ru(bpy) 3]Cl 2.This polypyridine complex is a red crystalline salt obtained as the hexahydrate, although all of the properties of interest are in the cation [Ru(bpy) 3] 2+, which has received much attention because of its distinctive optical properties.
The most important reagents for the introduction of ruthenium are ruthenium(III) chloride and triruthenium dodecacarbonyl. In its organometallic compounds, ruthenium is known to adopt oxidation states from -2 ([Ru(CO) 4] 2−) to +6 ([RuN(Me)4] −). Most common are those in the 2+ oxidation state, as illustrated below.
2 Physical properties. 3 Chemical properties. ... Download as PDF; Printable version ... chloride is an inorganic compound, a metal salt of ruthenium and hydrochloric ...
2 Properties. 3 Uses. ... Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Diruthenium phosphide is a binary inorganic compound of ruthenium metal and phosphorus with the ...