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An independence problem (or unguard [2]) is a problem in which, given a certain type of chess piece (queen, rook, bishop, knight or king), one must find the maximum number that can be placed on a chessboard so that none of the pieces attack each other. It is also required that an actual arrangement for this maximum number of pieces be found.
In chess, a back-rank checkmate (also known as a corridor mate) is a checkmate delivered by a rook or queen along the opponent's back rank (that is, the row closest to them) in which the mated king is unable to move up the board because the king is blocked by friendly pieces (usually pawns) on the second rank.
The triangle mate involves a queen, supported by a rook on the same file two squares away, delivering checkmate to a king that is either at the edge of the board or whose escape is blocked by a piece; the queen, rook, and king together form a triangular shape, hence the name of the mating pattern.
The key in the puzzle on the right is 1. Qd2. This move has no threat, but it leaves black in zugzwang: Black must either move one of his bishops or rooks, or move a pawn. However, any bishop or rook move must unguard one of the squares of d5, d6, d7 or d8, allowing White to mate on d5, d6 or d7 with the queen, and d8 with the knight. The lines ...
The staircase maneuver (or staircase movement [1]) is a tactical motif that employs the idea of a series of checks, or alternation between pins and checks, to advance a queen, rook, or king along a diagonal via a series of stepped orthogonal moves.
Yuri Averbakh pointed out that the opposition is a means to an end; the end is penetration to a key square. [9] This can be a square in front of a pawn, so the king can lead it to the queening square, or into a critical zone to win an enemy blocked pawn. In the diagram, White should play 1. Kc5. Taking the opposition by 1.Ke4 merely draws.
It can control up to 12 squares on an 8×8 board as opposed to the rook's 14. It is stronger than the rook in the opening and middlegame, as it can more easily maneuver around pieces than the rook, but the rook is stronger in the endgame. While king and rook vs. king can force checkmate, king and nightrider vs. king cannot checkmate at all.
If its move ends on a square in the enemy castle, it automatically promotes to a queen. A queen moves like a queen in chess and is unimpeded by castles or walls. Captures are limited: a capture can happen between a rook or queen and an enemy rook or queen only when one of the pieces is on the opponent's wall and the other piece is in its castle.