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Liver regeneration is the process by which the liver is able to replace damaged or lost liver tissue. The liver is the only visceral organ with the capacity to regenerate. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The liver can regenerate after partial hepatectomy or injury due to hepatotoxic agents such as certain medications, toxins, or chemicals. [ 3 ]
A ciliopathy is any genetic disorder that affects the cellular cilia or the cilia anchoring structures, the basal bodies, [1] or ciliary function. [2] Primary cilia are important in guiding the process of development, so abnormal ciliary function while an embryo is developing can lead to a set of malformations that can occur regardless of the particular genetic problem. [3]
While DNA damage happens frequently and naturally in the cell from endogenous sources, clustered damage is a unique effect of radiation exposure. [41] Clustered damage takes longer to repair than isolated breakages, and is less likely to be repaired at all. [42] Larger radiation doses are more prone to cause tighter clustering of damage, and ...
In the mammalian kidney, the regeneration of the tubular component following an acute injury is well known. Recently regeneration of the glomerulus has also been documented. Following an acute injury, the proximal tubule is damaged more, and the injured epithelial cells slough off the basement membrane of the nephron.
Cell damage can be reversible or irreversible. Depending on the extent of injury, the cellular response may be adaptive and where possible, homeostasis is restored. [1] Cell death occurs when the severity of the injury exceeds the cell's ability to repair itself. [2]
Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types. [5] [7] Most non-motile cilia, termed primary cilia or sensory cilia, serve solely as sensory organelles. [8] [9] Most vertebrate cell types possess a single non-motile primary cilium, which functions as a cellular antenna.
A radiation burn is a damage to the skin or other biological tissue and organs as an effect of radiation. The radiation types of greatest concern are thermal radiation, radio frequency energy, ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation. The most common type of radiation burn is a sunburn caused by UV radiation.
Regenerative medicine also includes the possibility of growing tissues and organs in the laboratory and implanting them when the body cannot heal itself. When the cell source for a regenerated organ is derived from the patient's own tissue or cells, [ 3 ] the challenge of organ transplant rejection via immunological mismatch is circumvented.