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The California Independent System Operator (CAISO) is a non-profit Independent System Operator (ISO) serving California. [1] It oversees the operation of California's bulk electric power system , transmission lines , and electricity market generated and transmitted by its member utilities.
In electrical engineering the load factor is defined as the average load divided by the peak load in a specified time period. [1] It is a measure of the utilization rate, or efficiency of electrical energy usage; a high load factor indicates that load is using the electric system more efficiently, whereas consumers or generators that underutilize the electric distribution will have a low load ...
ISOs and RTOs coordinate generation and transmission across wide geographic regions, matching generation to the load instantaneously to keep supply and demand for electricity in balance. The grid operators forecast load and schedule generation to assure that sufficient generation and back-up power is available in case demand rises or a power ...
A crucial part of this curve comes from the net load ("the difference between expected load and anticipated electricity production from the range of renewable energy sources"). [5] In certain times of the year (namely spring and summer), the curves create a "belly" appearance in the midday that then drastically increases portraying an "arch ...
GLDF—Generator to Load Distribution Factor. See Load balancing (electricity) Gm 3 —Billion cubic metres (measurement – gas) GMO—Genetically modified organism; GMP—Green Mountain Power (US) (electricity) GNP—gross national product (economics) GNSED—Global Network for Sustainable Energy Development; GRI—Gas Research Institute (US ...
In the United States in the 1920s, utilities formed joint operations to share peak load coverage and backup power. In 1934, with the passage of the Public Utility Holding Company Act, electric utilities were recognized as public goods of importance and were given outlined restrictions and regulatory oversight of their operations.
To arrest the fall of frequency below normal, the available hydro power plants are kept in no load/nominal load operation and the load is automatically ramped up or down strictly following the grid frequency, i.e. the hydro units would run at no load condition when frequency is above 50 Hz and generate power up to full load in case the grid ...
Capacity factor is a measure of the output of a power plant compared to the maximum output it could produce. Capacity factor is often defined as the ratio of average load to capacity or the ratio of average load to peak load in a period of time. A higher load factor is advantageous because a power plant may be less efficient at low load factors ...