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Many phonetic changes provide the raw ingredients for later phonemic innovations. In Proto-Italic, for example, intervocalic */s/ became *[z]. It was a phonetic change, merely a mild and superficial complication in the phonological system, but when *[z] merged with */r/, the effect on the phonological system was greater.
In historical linguistics, a sound change is a change in the pronunciation of a language. A sound change can involve the replacement of one speech sound (or, more generally, one phonetic feature value) by a different one (called phonetic change) or a more general change to the speech sounds that exist (phonological change), such as the merger of two sounds or the creation of a new sound.
Social variation and the Latin language. Cambridge University Press. Allen, William Sidney (1965). Vox Latina: A guide to the pronunciation of Classical Latin. Cambridge University Press. Chambon, Jean-Pierre (2013). "Notes sur un problème de la reconstruction phonétique et phonologique du protoroman: Le groupe */ɡn/".
Assimilation can be synchronic, an active process in a language at a given point in time, or diachronic, a historical sound change—for instance, "cupboard," historically a compound of "cup" (/ k ʌ p /) and "board" (/ b ɔːr d /), is now pronounced / ˈ k ʌ b ər d /, with the original / ˈ k ʌ p b ɔːr d / almost never used.
[4] Over enough time, changes in a language can accumulate to such an extent that it is no longer recognizable as the same language. For instance, modern English is the result of centuries of language change applying to Old English, even though modern English is extremely divergent from Old English in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. The ...
The sounds involved in a chain shift can be ordered into a "chain" in such a way that after the change is complete, each phoneme ends up sounding like what the phoneme before it in the chain sounded like before the change. [specify] The changes making up a chain shift, interpreted as rules of phonology, are in what is termed counterfeeding order.
Consonant mutation is change in a consonant in a word according to its morphological or syntactic environment.. Mutation occurs in languages around the world. A prototypical example of consonant mutation is the initial consonant mutation of all modern Celtic languages.
[6] The arrow represents that the sound on the left changes to have the features on the right. The sound that /t/ and /d/ (in this example) change to, or the individual features that change. The slash is a shorthand notation for "in the environment where...". [5] It means that the notation to the right describes where the phonological rule is ...