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Although the English word nun is often used to describe all Christian women who have joined religious institutes, strictly speaking, women are referred to as nuns only when they live in papal enclosure; otherwise, they are religious sisters. [4]
Spanish Visitandine nuns martyrs. On May 10, 1998, seven Visitandine nuns of the First Monastery of Madrid, Spain, martyred during the Spanish Revolution of 1936, were beatified in Rome by Pope John Paul II. Maria Gabriela de Hinojosa Naveros (b. July 24, 1872 in Alhama, Granada) Teresa Maria Cavestany y Anduaga (b. July 30, 1888 in Puerto Real ...
The community of about 20 nuns lives in papal enclosure and mainly from the products from their own agriculture. In September 2016 the convent sold their monastery in Marseille [ 1 ] to Chavagnes-en-Paillers in order to find more quiet.
Traditionally, nuns are members of enclosed religious orders and take solemn religious vows, while sisters do not live in the papal enclosure and formerly took vows called "simple vows". [4] As monastics, nuns living within an enclosure historically commit to recitation of the full Divine Office throughout the day in church, usually in a solemn ...
Elizabeth Makowski interprets the document as an attempt to "safeguard nuns from themselves; to diminish, if not completely remove, worldly temptations". [10] Makowski further views Periculoso as a means of "controlling female religiosity" in the face of movements such as the Guglielmites which had begun to challenge papal supremacy and advocate radical roles for women in the 13th century. [2]
The 1917 Code of Canon Law reserved the term "nun" (Latin: monialis) for women religious who took solemn vows or who, while being allowed in some places to take simple vows, belonged to institutes whose vows were normally solemn. [13] They lived under cloister, "papal enclosure", and recited the Liturgy of the Hours in common. [4]
The state intervened when it saw that the sisters were poor, and the pope granted a special dispensation to open the convent as a museum in 1960. [ 2 ] Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz (died 1989) is buried in the Chapel of Saint John the Baptist next to his elder son Francisco de Asís (died 1984).
On 2 January 1187, Pope Clement III issued a papal bull authorising the founding of a monastery dedicated to the Virgin Mary. [2] In June of the same year, Alfonso VIII of Castile, [3] [2] at the behest of his wife, Eleanor of England, daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine granted the foundational charter stipulating that the monastery was to be governed by the Cistercian Order.