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The incidence of traumatic dental injuries is 1–3%, and the prevalence is steady at 20–30%." [49] Almost 30% of the children in pre-school have mostly experienced trauma to primary teeth. Dental injuries involving the permanent teeth happen to almost 25% of children in school and 30% of adults.
Dental avulsion is the complete displacement of a tooth from its socket in alveolar bone owing to trauma, such as can be caused by a fall, road traffic accident, assault, sports, or occupational injury. [1] [2] Typically, a tooth is held in place by the periodontal ligament, which becomes torn when the tooth is knocked out. [3]
Dental intrusion is an apical displacement of the tooth into the alveolar bone. This injury is accompanied by extensive damage to periodontal ligament , cementum , disruption of the neurovascular supply to the pulp, and communication or fracture of the alveolar socket.
Occlusal trauma; Secondary occlusal trauma on X-ray film displays two lone-standing mandibular teeth, the lower left first premolar and canine. As the remnants of a once full complement of 16 lower teeth, these two teeth have been alone in opposing the forces associated with mastication for some time, as can be evidenced by the widened PDL surrounding the premolar.
Dental trauma is a major global health issue and it affects 17.5% of children and adolescents. [9] It is most commonly seen in school children. Dental subluxation is one of the most common traumatic injuries in primary dentition. Maxillary central incisors are the most commonly affected teeth.
Dental needle-nose pliers designed by Fauchard in the late 17th century to use in prosthodontics. The first book focused solely on dentistry was the "Artzney Buchlein" in 1530, [48] and the first dental textbook written in English was called "Operator for the Teeth" by Charles Allen in 1685. [23]
Trauma, inflammation and infection may also be responsible for causing the disease. [4] [5] The frequency for ankylosis to happen in deciduous teeth is far more frequent than that in permanent teeth, with a ratio of about 10 to 1, and the majority of [4] the ankylosed teeth occur in lower teeth, about twice as often as in the upper teeth. [6]
Dental check-ups should occur every six months. Children or adults who are incapable of caring for their own teeth should be assisted with oral hygiene in order to prevent tooth loss. [5] In contact sports, risk of mouth trauma and tooth injury is reduced by wearing mouthguards and helmets with a facemask (e.g., a football helmet, a goalie mask).