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Red blood cells (RBCs), referred to as erythrocytes (from Ancient Greek erythros ' red ' and kytos ' hollow vessel ', with -cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells, [1] erythroid cells, and rarely haematids, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O 2) to the body tissues ...
This positive cooperative binding is achieved through steric conformational changes of the hemoglobin protein complex as discussed above; i.e., when one subunit protein in hemoglobin becomes oxygenated, a conformational or structural change in the whole complex is initiated, causing the other subunits to gain an increased affinity for oxygen.
Hemoglobin A (HbA), also known as adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1 or α 2 β 2, is the most common human hemoglobin tetramer, accounting for over 97% of the total red blood cell hemoglobin. [1] Hemoglobin is an oxygen-binding protein, found in erythrocytes, which transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. [2]
The name rhesus factor (Rh) goes back to the use of erythrocytes extracted from the blood of rhesus monkeys for obtaining the first blood serum. The Rh blood group system is a human blood group system. It contains proteins on the surface of red blood cells. After the ABO blood group system, it is most likely to be involved in transfusion reactions.
The Er blood group system consists of five human red blood cell surface antigens, Er a, Er b, Er3, Er4 and Er5. [1] The incidences of Er a and Er3 are each greater than 99% of the human population, while the incidence of Er b is less than 0.01%. [2] [3] Er4 and Er5 are found at a high frequency in the general population. [1]
ABO blood group determination: Using anti-A and anti-B antibodies that bind specifically to either the A or to the B blood group surface antigens on RBCs, it is possible to test a small sample of blood and determine the ABO blood type of an individual. It does not identify the Rh(D) antigen (Rh blood type). The bedside card method of blood ...
For these 67 diseases, the median detection rate using the protein signature was 45.5% compared with 25% when just the clinical model was used, with a 10% false positive rate. These diseases included:
The form discussed here is the one found in the 1950s to be linked to Rh blood group and more recently shown to be caused by a defect in protein 4.1. 'Rh-unlinked' forms of elliptocytosis are caused by mutation in the alpha- spectrin gene (MIM 182860), the beta- spectrin gene (MIM 182870), or the band 3 gene (MIM 109270) [supplied by OMIM].