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Red blood cells (RBCs), referred to as erythrocytes (from Ancient Greek erythros ' red ' and kytos ' hollow vessel ', with -cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells, [1] erythroid cells, and rarely haematids, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O 2) to the body tissues ...
Blood plasma protein 3.5-5.0 × 10 −2 [1] Aluminum: 1-40 × 10 −8: 1-88 × 10 −8: Selenium : 60–150 ng/mL Aldosterone: Regulates electrolyte balance supine 3-10 × 10 −11: standing, male 6-22 × 10 −11: standing, female 5-30 × 10 −11: Amino acids: Protein building blocks total 3.8-5.3 × 10 −4: nitrogen 4.6-6.8 × 10 −5: 3.0 ...
Serum also does not contain all the formed elements of blood, which include blood cells, white blood cells (leukocytes, lymphocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets. [citation needed] The study of serum is serology. Serum is used in numerous diagnostic tests as well as blood typing.
Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), [2] and contains proteins, glucose, mineral ions, and hormones. The blood cells are mainly red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and (in mammals) platelets (thrombocytes). [3] The most abundant cells are red blood cells. [4]
Hemoglobin (haemoglobin, [a] Hb or Hgb) is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transportation of oxygen in red blood cells.Almost all vertebrates contain hemoglobin, [3] with the sole exception of the fish family Channichthyidae. [4]
Other blood proteins act as enzymes, complement, components, protease inhibitors or kinin precursors. Contrary to popular belief, haemoglobin is not a blood protein, as it is carried within red blood cells, rather than in the blood serum.Haemoglobin provides red colour to the blood. It also carries oxygen and transport to all the body cells.
Researchers have identified protein signatures in blood tests that can be used to detect or predict up to 67 diseases, using UK Biobank data in a cohort of nearly 42,000 participants.
Hemoglobin A (HbA), also known as adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1 or α 2 β 2, is the most common human hemoglobin tetramer, accounting for over 97% of the total red blood cell hemoglobin. [1] Hemoglobin is an oxygen-binding protein, found in erythrocytes, which transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. [2]