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The concept of a democratic deficit is the most frequently invoked argument in favour of independence. England has a majority (84%) of the UK population. Thus, constituency results for Scotland rarely affect the outcome of general elections. From the 1960s onwards, average voting patterns in Scotland and England have diverged. [118]
The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England in the late 13th and 14th centuries. The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of Scotland in 1296 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton in 1328.
The wars were caused by the attempts of the English kings to seize territory by claiming sovereignty over Scotland, while Scots fought to keep English rule and authority out of Scotland. [1] The term "War of Independence" did not exist at the time; the name was applied retrospectively many centuries later, after the American War of Independence ...
England, under Edward I, would take advantage of this questioned succession to launch a series of conquests, resulting in the Wars of Scottish Independence, as Scotland passed back and forth between the House of Balliol and the House of Bruce through the late Middle Ages. Scotland's ultimate victory confirmed Scotland as a fully independent and ...
The Declaration of Arbroath included in the text of the Scotichronicon in the British Library.. The Declaration was part of a broader diplomatic campaign, which sought to assert Scotland's position as an independent kingdom, [5] rather than its being a feudal land controlled by England's Norman kings, as well as to lift the excommunication of Robert the Bruce. [6]
The Crown was at the centre of government in late medieval Scotland. The unification of the kingdom, the spread of Anglo-Norman custom, the development of a European trading economy and Robert I's success in achieving independence from England, all did much to build up the prestige of the institution. [67]
In 1603, England and Scotland were joined in a "personal union" when King James VI of Scotland succeeded to the throne of England as King James I. War between the two states largely ceased, although the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in the 17th century, and the Jacobite risings of the 18th century, are sometimes characterised as Anglo-Scottish ...
Auld Alliance - Agreement made in 1295 between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of France against the Kingdom of England. Declaration of Arbroath - Letter sent to Pope John XXII in 1320 asserting Scotland's independence. Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton - 1328 treaty formally ending the First War of Scottish Independence.