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  2. List of earliest tools - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earliest_tools

    Many such sites have hominin bones, teeth, or footprints, but unless they also include evidence for tools or tool use, they are omitted here. This list excludes tools and tool use attributed to non-hominin species. See Tool use by non-humans. Since there are far too many hominin tool sites to list on a single page, this page attempts to list ...

  3. History of molecular theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_molecular_theory

    A modern conceptualization of molecules began to develop in the 19th century along with experimental evidence for pure chemical elements and how individual atoms of different chemical elements such as hydrogen and oxygen can combine to form chemically stable molecules such as water molecules.

  4. History of cell membrane theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cell_membrane...

    Ernest Overton (a distant cousin of Charles Darwin) first proposed the concept of a lipid (oil) plasma membrane in 1899. The major weakness of the lipid membrane was the lack of an explanation of the high permeability to water, so Nathansohn (1904) proposed the mosaic theory. In this view, the membrane is not a pure lipid layer, but a mosaic of ...

  5. Blood plasma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma

    Dr. Grifols pioneered a first-of-its-kind technique called plasmapheresis, [31] where a donor's red blood cells would be returned to the donor's body almost immediately after the separation of the blood plasma. This technique is still in practice today, almost 80 years later. In 1945, Dr. Grifols opened the world's first plasma donation center ...

  6. Prehistoric technology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric_technology

    The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used in the manufacture of implements with a sharp edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted roughly 2.5 million years, from the time of early hominids to Homo sapiens in the later Pleistocene era, and largely ended between 6000 and 2000 BCE with the advent of metalworking.

  7. Plasma (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)

    The response of plasma to electromagnetic fields is used in many modern devices and technologies, such as plasma televisions or plasma etching. [8] Depending on temperature and density, a certain number of neutral particles may also be present, in which case plasma is called partially ionized.

  8. Timeline of temperature and pressure measurement technology

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_temperature...

    1701 — Newton publishes anonymously a method of determining the rate of heat loss of a body and introduces a scale, which had 0 degrees represent the freezing point of water, and 12 degrees for human body temperature. He used linseed oil as the thermometric fluid. [6] 1701 — Ole Christensen Rømer made one of the first practical ...

  9. Plasmalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmalysis

    Plasmalysis is a electrochemical process that requires a voltage source.On the one hand, it describes the plasma-chemical dissociation of organic and inorganic compounds (e.g. C-H and N-H compounds) in interaction with a thermal/non-thermal plasma between two electrodes.