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  2. Social alienation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_alienation

    Social alienation is a person's feeling of disconnection from a group – whether friends, family, or wider society – with which the individual has an affiliation. Such alienation has been described as "a condition in social relationships reflected by (1) a low degree of integration or common values and (2) a high degree of distance or isolation (3a) between individuals, or (3b) between an ...

  3. Overjustification effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overjustification_effect

    When the task is unattractive and intrinsic motivation is insufficient (e.g., household chores), then extrinsic rewards are useful to provide incentives for behavior. School programs that provide money or prizes for reading books have been criticized for their potential to reduce intrinsic motivation by overjustification.

  4. Manifest and latent functions and dysfunctions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_and_latent...

    Manifest functions are the consequences that people see, observe or even expect. It is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action. The manifest function of a rain dance, used as an example by Merton in his 1957 Social Theory and Social Structure, is to produce rain, and this outcome is intended and desired by people participating in the ritual.

  5. Motivation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation

    Motivation is an internal state that propels individuals to engage in goal-directed behavior. It is often understood as a force that explains why people or animals initiate, continue, or terminate a certain behavior at a particular time. It is a complex phenomenon and its precise definition is disputed.

  6. Cooling out - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_Out

    Cooling out is an informal set of practices used by colleges, especially two-year, junior, and community colleges, to handle students whose lack of academic ability or other resources prevent them from achieving the educational goals they have developed for themselves such as attaining a bachelor's degree.

  7. What is the 2024 Oxford Word of the Year? - AOL

    www.aol.com/2024-oxford-word-124548327.html

    The votes are in. Last month, on Nov. 14, Oxford University Press narrowed a list down to six words and the world had the opportunity to vote for its favorite. Language experts from the publishing ...

  8. Balance theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_theory

    In the psychology of motivation, balance theory is a theory of attitude change, proposed by Fritz Heider. [1] [2] It conceptualizes the cognitive consistency motive as a drive toward psychological balance. The consistency motive is the urge to maintain one's values and beliefs over time.

  9. Decorating early for Christmas can boost your happiness, even ...

    www.aol.com/scientific-excuse-decorate-house...

    With Christmas near, bringing out the boughs of holly now -- even as you may still be putting fall decorations away -- may make you a happier person, experts say. Part of the joy that can come ...