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Aluminium oxide catalyses a variety of reactions that are useful industrially. In its largest scale application, aluminium oxide is the catalyst in the Claus process for converting hydrogen sulfide waste gases into elemental sulfur in refineries.
Activated alumina is manufactured from aluminium hydroxide by dehydroxylating it in a way that produces a highly porous material; this material can have a surface area significantly over 200 m 2 /g. The compound is used as a desiccant (to keep things dry by adsorbing water from the air) and as a filter of fluoride , arsenic and selenium in ...
In addition to these areas, used as a catalyst and carrier of catalysts. Nanoscale oxide due to the small diameter of the particles/fibers, high specific surface area and activity associated with the defects, and the specific structure of the nanoparticles (the volume and size of pores, degree of crystallinity, phase composition, structure, and ...
The catalyst the industry use is a promoted iron catalyst, where the promoters can be K 2 O (potassium oxide), Al 2 O 3 (aluminium oxide) and CaO (calcium oxide) and the basic catalytic material is iron. The most common is to use fixed bed reactors for the synthesis catalyst.
Aluminium oxide is commonly used as a catalyst for industrial processes; [141] e.g. the Claus process to convert hydrogen sulfide to sulfur in refineries and to alkylate amines. [160] [161] Many industrial catalysts are supported by alumina, meaning that the expensive catalyst material is dispersed over a surface of the inert alumina. [162]
Typical catalysts are platinum, and redox-active oxides of iron, vanadium, and molybdenum. In many cases, catalysts are modified with a host of additives or promoters that enhance rates or selectivities. Important homogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of organic compounds are carboxylates of cobalt, iron, and manganese
AlF 3 melts at 1,290 °C (2,354 °F) and is made by reaction of aluminium oxide with hydrogen fluoride gas at 700 °C (1,292 °F). [14] Mechanism of the Friedel–Crafts acylation, using AlCl 3 as a catalyst. With heavier halides, the coordination numbers are lower.
Aluminium(II) oxide (AlO) (aluminium monoxide) Aluminium(III) oxide (aluminium oxide), ( Al 2 O 3 ), the most common form of aluminium oxide, occurring on the surface of aluminium and also in crystalline form as corundum , sapphire , and ruby .