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[12] [13] [14] The Indonesian language is primarily used in commerce, administration, education and the media, and thus nearly every Indonesian speaks the language to varying degrees of proficiency. [15] Most Indonesians speak other languages, such as Javanese, as their first language. [2] This makes plurilingualism a norm in Indonesia. [15]
Major Austronesian languages include Malay (around 250–270 million in Indonesia alone in its own literary standard named "Indonesian"), [4] Javanese, Sundanese, Tagalog (standardized as Filipino [5]), Malagasy and Cebuano. According to some estimates, the family contains 1,257 languages, which is the second most of any language family.
The culture of Indonesia (Indonesian: Budaya Indonesia) has been shaped by the interplay of indigenous customs and diverse foreign influences. With over 1,300 distinct ethnic groups , including significant Austronesian and Melanesian cultures, contributing to its rich traditions, languages , and customs, Indonesia is a melting pot of diversity.
Filipinos in Indonesia were estimated to number 7,400 [3] individuals as of 2022, according to the statistics of the Philippine government. Most are based in Jakarta , though there is also a community in Surabaya and other major cities in Indonesia.
In Indonesia, Malay and Indonesian are regarded as two different languages. The Malay race , on the other hand, is not the same as the ethnic group, and simply refers to the Austronesian natives of Maritime Southeast Asia , though the ethnic Malays are part of the bigger Malay race .
Most of the local languages belong to the Austronesian language family, although a significant number of people, particularly in eastern Indonesia, speak unrelated Papuan languages. Indonesians of Chinese, Arab and Indian descent each make up less than 3% of the total Indonesian population. [7]
Indonesians (Indonesian: Orang Indonesia) are citizens or people who are identified with the country of Indonesia, [46] regardless of their ethnic or religious background. [47] [48] There are more than 1,300 ethnicities in Indonesia, [49] [50] making it a multicultural archipelagic country with a diversity of languages, culture and religious beliefs.
The culture of the Philippines is characterized by cultural and ethnic diversity. [1] Although the multiple ethnic groups of the Philippine archipelago have only recently established a shared Filipino national identity, [2] their cultures were all shaped by the geography and history of the region, [3] [4] and by centuries of interaction with neighboring cultures, and colonial powers.