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  2. MSConfig - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSConfig

    MSConfig (officially called System Configuration in Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10, or Windows 11 and Microsoft System Configuration Utility in previous operating systems) is a system utility to troubleshoot the Microsoft Windows startup process. It can disable or re-enable software, device drivers and Windows services that run ...

  3. CONFIG.SYS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONFIG.SYS

    The CONFIG.SYS directives also set up the memory managers in the system. After processing the CONFIG.SYS file, DOS proceeds to load and execute the command shell specified in the SHELL line of CONFIG.SYS, or COMMAND.COM if there is no such line. The command shell in turn is responsible for processing the AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

  4. RAM limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAM_limit

    RAM limit. The maximum random access memory (RAM) installed in any computer system is limited by hardware, software and economic factors. The hardware may have a limited number of address bus bits, limited by the processor package or design of the system. Some of the address space may be shared between RAM, peripherals, and read-only memory.

  5. Memory management (operating systems) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_management...

    In operating systems, memory management is the function responsible for managing the computer's primary memory. [1]: 105–208. The memory management function keeps track of the status of each memory location, either allocated or free. It determines how memory is allocated among competing processes, deciding which gets memory, when they receive ...

  6. 2 GB limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_GB_limit

    2 GB limit. The 2 GB limit refers to a physical memory barrier for a process running on a 32-bit operating system, which can only use a maximum of 2 GB of memory. [ 1 ] The problem mainly affects 32-bit versions of operating systems like Microsoft Windows and Linux, although some variants of the latter can overcome this barrier. [ 2 ]

  7. DOS memory management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOS_memory_management

    For the general concept, see memory management. In IBM PC compatible computing, DOS memory management refers to software and techniques employed to give applications access to more than 640 kibibytes (640*1024 bytes) (KiB) of "conventional memory". The 640 KiB limit was specific to the IBM PC and close compatibles; other machines running MS-DOS ...

  8. Commit charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commit_charge

    Commit charge. In computing, commit charge is a term used in Microsoft Windows operating systems to describe the total amount of virtual memory of all processes that must be backed by either physical memory or the page file. [ 1 ] Through the process of paging, the contents of this virtual memory may move between physical memory and the page ...

  9. Real mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_mode

    e. Real mode, also called real address mode, is an operating mode of all x86 -compatible CPUs. The mode gets its name from the fact that addresses in real mode always correspond to real locations in memory. Real mode is characterized by a 20- bit segmented memory address space (giving 1 MB of addressable memory) and unlimited direct software ...