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The findings include: [6] All 50 states have social studies standards which include civics and government. 39 states require at least one course in government/civics. [note 1] 21 states require a state-mandated social studies test which is a decrease from 2001 (34 states). 8 states require students to take a state-mandated government/civics test.
Tower of Hanoi interactive display at Mexico City's Universum Museum. The Tower of Hanoi (also called The problem of Benares Temple[ 1 ] or Tower of Brahma or Lucas' Tower[ 2 ] and sometimes pluralized as Towers, or simply pyramid puzzle[ 3 ]) is a mathematical game or puzzle consisting of three rods and a number of disks of various diameters ...
In the field of political science, civics is the study of the civil and political rights and obligations of citizens in a society. [1] The term civics derives from the Latin word civicus, meaning "relating to a citizen". In U.S. politics, in the context of urban planning, the term civics comprehends the city politics that affect the political ...
Recreational mathematics involves mathematical puzzles and games, often appealing to children and untrained adults and inspiring their further study of the subject. [1] The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) includes recreational mathematics as one of its seventeen Special Interest Groups, commenting: Recreational mathematics is not ...
Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays. Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays (Academic Press, 1982) by Elwyn R. Berlekamp, John H. Conway, and Richard K. Guy is a compendium of information on mathematical games. It was first published in 1982 in two volumes. The first volume introduces combinatorial game theory and its foundation in the ...
e. Mathematical economics is the application of mathematical methods to represent theories and analyze problems in economics. Often, these applied methods are beyond simple geometry, and may include differential and integral calculus, difference and differential equations, matrix algebra, mathematical programming, or other computational methods ...
The n-state busy beaver game (or BB-n game), introduced in Tibor Radó's 1962 paper, involves a class of Turing machines, each member of which is required to meet the following design specifications: The machine has n "operational" states plus a Halt state, where n is a positive integer, and one of the n states is distinguished as the starting ...
A mathematical game is a game whose rules, strategies, and outcomes are defined by clear mathematical parameters. [1][verification needed] [clarification needed] Often, such games have simple rules and match procedures, such as tic-tac-toe and dots and boxes. Generally, mathematical games need not be conceptually intricate to involve deeper ...