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Mitochondrial fusion. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with the ability to fuse and divide (fission), forming constantly changing tubular networks in most eukaryotic cells. These mitochondrial dynamics, first observed over a hundred years ago [1] are important for the health of the cell, and defects in dynamics lead to genetic disorders.
The processes of fusion and fission allow for mitochondrial reorganization. In mammals, mitochondrial fusion and fission are both controlled by GTPases of the dynamin family. [8] [13] The process of mitochondrial fission is directed by Drp1, a member of the cytosolic dynamin family.
In mammals MFN1 and MFN2 are essential for mitochondrial fusion. [7] In addition to the mitofusins, OPA1 regulates inner mitochondrial membrane fusion, and DRP1 is responsible for mitochondrial fission. [8] Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial fusion and cell
Mitochondrial dynamics, the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, is an important factor in pathologies associated with several disease conditions. [166] The hypothesis of mitochondrial binary fission has relied on the visualization by fluorescence microscopy and conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The resolution of ...
Evidence suggests that mitochondria can also undergo fusion and exchange (in a form of crossover) genetic material among each other. Mitochondria sometimes form large matrices in which fusion, fission, and protein exchanges are constantly occurring. mtDNA shared among mitochondria (despite the fact that they can undergo fusion). [citation needed]
Mitochondrial fission factor. Mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MFF gene. [5] Its primary role is in controlling the division of mitochondria. Mitochondrial morphology changes by continuous fission in order to create interconnected network of mitochondria. This activity is crucial for normal ...
Mitochondria is a dynamic structure regulating its morphology by context-dependent constant fission and fusion. Fission is crucial for mitophagy, as it cuts off a small mitochondrial part that can be further engulfed by the autophagosome. [31] The viruses Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) take advantage of this mechanism by inducing ...
Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original. The object experiencing fission is usually a cell , but the term may also refer to how organisms , bodies, populations , or species split into discrete parts.