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The Scramble for China: Foreign Devils in the Qing Empire, 1832-1914 (Allen Lane/Penguin, 2011) ISBN 978-0713997491; Empire Made Me: An Englishman Adrift in Shanghai (Allen Lane/Penguin, 2003) ISBN 978-0141011950; Britain in China (Allen Lane/Penguin, 1999) ISBN 978-0719056970; Edited works:
The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising, was an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty, by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, known as the "Boxers" in English due to many of its members having practised Chinese martial arts ...
During the rule of the Qing dynasty, non-state secret societies, such as the Big Swords Society or the White Lotus Society, often exerted significant influence and force.. These groups often took advantage, through armed members, of the lack of imperial order in many areas of China, along with rampant corruption that enabled the societies to function even in well-controlled are
Hart was the most important and most influential Westerner in Qing dynasty China. [2] [3] According to Jung Chang, he transformed Chinese Customs "from an antiquated set-up, anarchical and prone to corruption, into a well-regulated modern organisation, which contributed enormously to China's economy."
Chinese nationalists in the 1920s and the 1930s dated the century of humiliation to the mid-19th century, on the eve of the First Opium War [5] amidst the dramatic political unraveling of Qing China that followed. [6] Defeats by foreign powers cited as part of the century of humiliation include the following:
The Scholars is a satirical novel that describes the life activities of various Chinese Confucian scholars, prudently set mostly in the early 16th century during the Ming dynasty that preceded the Qing. Addressing the ruling Qing dynasty could lead to capital punishment; thus it was safer to depict Ming intellectual life.
The Yangzhou massacre in May, 1645 in Yangzhou, Qing dynasty China, refers to the mass killing of people in Yangzhou commanded by the Manchu general Dodo and carried out by Qing forces. The massacre is described in a contemporary account, A Record of Ten Days in Yangzhou, by Wang Xiuchu .
The annexed territories were partitioned and administered into new three prefectures of the Qin empire, Nanhai, Guilin, and Xiang. [12] [19] Partitioned into four territories, each with its own governor and military garrison, these coastal territories became the business epicenter of Chinese maritime activity and international foreign trade. [7]