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Transfer hydrogenation to ketones leads to alcohols (the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction), and in the presence of a chiral transition metal catalyst, this process may be rendered enantioselective. In the presence of a chiral diamine, ruthenium catalyzes the enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of aryl ketones with isopropanol. [11]
The Luche reduction can be conducted chemoselectively toward ketone in the presence of aldehydes or towards α,β-unsaturated ketones in the presence of a non-conjugated ketone. [5] An enone forms an allylic alcohol in a 1,2-addition, and the competing conjugate 1,4-addition is suppressed.
The McMurry reaction is an organic reaction in which two ketone or aldehyde groups are coupled to form an alkene using a titanium chloride compound such as titanium(III) chloride and a reducing agent. The reaction is named after its co-discoverer, John E. McMurry.
In chemistry, transfer hydrogenation is a chemical reaction involving the addition of hydrogen to a compound from a source other than molecular H 2. It is applied in laboratory and industrial organic synthesis to saturate organic compounds and reduce ketones to alcohols , and imines to amines .
LAH is most commonly used for the reduction of esters [28] [29] and carboxylic acids [30] to primary alcohols; prior to the advent of LAH this was a difficult conversion involving sodium metal in boiling ethanol (the Bouveault-Blanc reduction). Aldehydes and ketones [31] can also be reduced to alcohols by LAH, but this is usually done using ...
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
The final step in the reduction of carboxylic acids and esters is hydrolysis of the aluminium alcoxide. [8] Esters (and amides) are more easily reduced than the parent carboxylic acids. Their reduction affords alcohols and amines, respectively. [9] The idealized equation for the reduction of an ester by lithium aluminium hydride is:
This preferential binding in 3 acts to minimize 1,3-allylic strain between the ketone (the large R L substituent directed away) and the R’ group of the catalyst, and aligns the carbonyl and the coordinated borane for a favorable, face-selective hydride transfer through a six-membered transition state 4.