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The dorsal cord reaches into the proboscis, and is partially separated from the epidermis in that region. This part of the dorsal nerve cord is often hollow, and may well be homologous with the brain of vertebrates. [9] Deuterostomes also evolved pharyngeal slits, which were probably used for filter feeding like in hemi- and proto-chordates.
A number of other changes have also characterized the evolution of humans, among them an increased reliance on vision rather than smell (highly reduced olfactory bulb); a longer juvenile developmental period and higher infant dependency; [181] a smaller gut and small, misaligned teeth; faster basal metabolism; [182] loss of body hair; [183] an ...
Parts of the world now have sub-replacement fertility rates. [544] Public health measures and advances in medical science contributed to a sharp increase in global life expectancy at birth from about 31 years in 1900 to over 66 years in 2000. [545] [y] In 1820, 75% of humanity lived on less than one dollar a day, while in 2001 only about 20% ...
Cave paintings (such as this one from France) represent a benchmark in the evolutionary history of human cognition. Victorian naturalist Charles Darwin was the first to propose the out-of-Africa hypothesis for the peopling of the world, [40] but the story of prehistoric human migration is now understood to be much more complex thanks to twenty-first-century advances in genomic sequencing.
This trend that has led to the present day human brain size indicates that there has been a 2-3 factor increase in size over the past 3 million years. [49] This can be visualized with current data on hominin evolution, starting with Australopithecus, a group of hominins from which humans are likely descended. [51]
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The Body in Parts: Discourses and Anatomies in Early Modern Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-91694-3. Porter, R. (1997). The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-215173-3. Sawday, J. (1996). The Body Emblazoned: Dissection and the Human Body in Renaissance ...
The benefits of walking abound—improving heart health, sleep quality, and mood are just a few of the many pros of going for a stroll. Now, new research has found that walking could add over 10 ...