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  2. Hypernatremia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypernatremia

    However, overly rapid correction of hypernatremia is potentially very dangerous. The body (in particular the brain) adapts to the higher sodium concentration. Rapidly lowering the sodium concentration with free water, once this adaptation has occurred, causes water to flow into brain cells and causes them to swell.

  3. Sodium in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_in_biology

    The sodium–potassium pump, a critical enzyme for regulating sodium and potassium levels in cells. Sodium ions (Na +) are necessary in small amounts for some types of plants, [1] but sodium as a nutrient is more generally needed in larger amounts [1] by animals, due to their use of it for generation of nerve impulses and for maintenance of electrolyte balance and fluid balance.

  4. Central pontine myelinolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_pontine_myelinolysis

    Central pontine myelinolysis is a neurological condition involving severe damage to the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the pons (an area of the brainstem). It is predominately iatrogenic (treatment-induced), and is characterized by acute paralysis, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), dysarthria (difficulty speaking), and other neurological symptoms.

  5. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrogenic_diabetes_insipidus

    The most obvious cause is a kidney or systemic disorder, including amyloidosis, [2] polycystic kidney disease, [3] electrolyte imbalance, [4] [5] or some other kidney defect. [2] The major causes of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus that produce clinical symptoms (e.g., polyuria) in the adult are lithium toxicity and high blood calcium.

  6. Electrolyte imbalance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolyte_imbalance

    Low potassium is caused by increased excretion of potassium, decreased consumption of potassium rich foods, movement of potassium into the cells, or certain endocrine diseases. [3] Excretion is the most common cause of hypokalemia and can be caused by diuretic use, metabolic acidosis , diabetic ketoacidosis , hyperaldosteronism , and renal ...

  7. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_of_inappropriate...

    Swelling of brain cells – cerebral edema – causes various neurological abnormalities which in acute and/or severe cases can result in convulsions, coma, and death. [ citation needed ] The normal function of ADH on the kidneys is to control the amount of water reabsorbed by kidney nephrons.

  8. Metabolic acidosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_acidosis

    Metabolic acidosis is a serious electrolyte disorder characterized by an imbalance in the body's acid-base balance.Metabolic acidosis has three main root causes: increased acid production, loss of bicarbonate, and a reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete excess acids. [5]

  9. Acute kidney injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_kidney_injury

    Intrinsic AKI can be due to one or more of the kidney's structures including the glomeruli, kidney tubules, or the interstitium. Common causes of each are glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), respectively. Other causes of intrinsic AKI are rhabdomyolysis and tumor lysis syndrome. [11]