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Propensity scores are used to reduce confounding by equating groups based on these covariates. Suppose that we have a binary treatment indicator Z, a response variable r, and background observed covariates X. The propensity score is defined as the conditional probability of treatment given background variables:
The ASEBA was created by Thomas Achenbach in 1966 as a response to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-I). [3] This first edition of the DSM contained information on only 60 disorders; the only two childhood disorders considered were Adjustment Reaction of Childhood and Schizophrenic Reaction, Childhood Type.
The subscale scores can be used to identify and target particularly problematic areas as a focus of treatment and help with treatment planning. [ 6 ] These questionnaires have been used in outcome studies for individual teen programs and groups of therapeutic boarding schools and adventure therapy or wilderness therapy programs.
The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a widely used caregiver report form identifying problem behavior in children. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is widely used in both research and clinical practice with youths. It has been translated into more than 90 languages, [ 3 ] and normative data are available integrating information from multiple societies.
Each form of the BRIEF parent- and teacher- rating form contains 86 items in eight non-overlapping clinical scales and two validity scales.These theoretically and statistically derived scales form two indexes: Behavioral Regulation (three scales) and Metacognition (five scales), as well as a Global Executive Composite [6] score that takes into account all of the clinical scales and represents ...
Subscale scores add all scores on the items in the subset and divided by the total number of items in the subset. Subscale score cutoffs for the disorders are as follows: ADHD inattentive type: Teacher score of 2.56, parent score of 1.78. ADHD hyperactive/impulsive type: Teacher score of 1.78, parent score of 1.44.
The Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) is a numeric scale used by mental health clinicians to rate the general functioning of youths under the age of 18. [1] Scores range from 1 to 90 or 1 to 100, with high scores indicating better functioning.
The questionnaire is quite brief with 25 questions and, depending on the version, a few questions about how the child is affected by the difficulties in their everyday life. [1] Versions of it are available for use for no fee. The combination of its brevity and noncommercial distribution have made it popular among clinicians and researchers.