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Around 1997, with the introduction of ATAPI-4 (and thus Ultra-DMA-Mode, which enabled fast data transfers with less CPU utilization) the first ATA RAID controllers were introduced as PCI expansion cards. Those RAID systems made their way to the consumer market, for users wanting the fault-tolerance of RAID without investing in expensive SCSI ...
Moving the HDD controller from the interface card to the disk drive helped to standardize the host/controller interface, reduce the programming complexity in the host device driver, and reduced system cost and complexity. The 40-pin IDE/ATA connection transfers 16 bits of data at a time on the data cable.
ATATool must be run with administrator privileges. On Windows Vista and later it requires an elevated-privileges command prompt (see User Account Control). The target drive must be connected to a physical disk controller. The software will not work when using a hard drive through an external connection like USB or any external hard drive.
The SCSI commands and responses are embedded in "packets" (hence "ATA Packet Interface") for transmission on the ATA cable. This interfaces ATA with any device class for which a SCSI command set has been defined. ATAPI devices are also "speaking ATA" because the ATA physical interface and protocol are still being used to send the packets.
Parallel ATA (PATA), originally AT Attachment, also known as Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), is a standard interface designed for IBM PC-compatible computers.It was first developed by Western Digital and Compaq in 1986 for compatible hard drives and CD or DVD drives.
Inter alia with Windows 10 and 8, this can be fixed by forcing the correct drivers to reload during Safe Mode. [9] In Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012, the controller driver has changed from msahci to storahci, [10] and the procedures to upgrade to the AHCI controller is similar to that of Windows 7. [11]
The raid mode only supports IDE Hard Disk Drives and includes RAID 0, RAID 1, Raid 0+1 and JBOD, along with a "normal" mode that essentially acts as a standard Hard Disk controller. Optical disk drives such as CD-ROM and DVD drives are supported by the ATAPI mode, which also supports Hard Disk Drives at the loss of all RAID functions.
The ATA standard is supported by both parallel (IDE, PATA) and serial (SATA) ATA hardware. A drawback of the original ATA TRIM command is that it was defined as a non-queueable command and therefore could not easily be mixed with a normal workload of queued read and write operations. SATA 3.1 introduced a queued TRIM command to remedy this. [70]