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  2. Shorthand for orchestra instrumentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorthand_for_orchestra...

    The orchestra is divided into four groups (five if a keyboard instrument is used) and specified as follows: [1] Woodwind instruments: flutes, oboes, clarinets, saxophones (if one or more are needed), bassoons; Brass instruments: horns, trumpets, trombones, tubas; Percussion: timpani, snare drum, bass drum, chimes, etc.

  3. Orchestra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra

    The first is a Baroque orchestra (i.e., J.S. Bach, Handel, Vivaldi), which generally had a smaller number of performers, and in which one or more chord-playing instruments, the basso continuo group (e.g., harpsichord or pipe organ and assorted bass instruments to perform the bassline), played an important role; the second is a typical classical ...

  4. List of musical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_musical_symbols

    Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...

  5. String section - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_section

    The string sections are at the front of the orchestra, arrayed in a semicircle around the conductor's podium. The string section of an orchestra is composed of bowed instruments belonging to the violin family. It normally consists of first and second violins, violas, cellos, and double basses. It is the most numerous group in the standard ...

  6. Keyboard section - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_section

    Keyboard instruments are not usually a standard members of a 2010-era orchestra or concert band, but they are included occasionally. In orchestras from the 1600s to the mid-1750s, a keyboard instrument such as the pipe organ or harpsichord was normally played with an orchestra, with the performer improvising chords from a figured bass part.

  7. Orchestration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestration

    For example, a work for solo piano could be adapted and orchestrated so that an orchestra could perform the piece, or a concert band piece could be orchestrated for a symphony orchestra. In classical music, composers have historically orchestrated their own music. Only gradually over the course of music history did orchestration come to be ...

  8. General MIDI - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_MIDI

    1 Acoustic Grand Piano or Piano 1; 2 Bright Acoustic Piano or Piano 2; 3 Electric Grand Piano or Piano 3 (usually modeled after Yamaha CP-70) 4 Honky-tonk Piano; 5 Electric Piano 1 (usually a Rhodes or Wurlitzer piano) 6 Electric Piano 2 (usually an FM piano patch, often chorused) 7 Harpsichord (often with a fixed velocity level) 8 Clavinet

  9. Concert pitch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concert_pitch

    When playing with fixed-pitch instruments such as the piano, the orchestra will generally tune to them—a piano will normally have been tuned to the orchestra's normal pitch. Overall, it is thought that the general trend since the middle of the 20th century has been for standard pitch to rise, though it has been rising far more slowly than it ...

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