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In 1950 FIDE created the titles of Grandmaster (GM), International Master (IM) and Woman Master (WM, later known as Woman International Master or WIM). The grandmaster title is sometimes called "International Grandmaster" (IGM), possibly to distinguish it from similar national titles, but the shortened form is far more common today.
Grand Master (Latin: Magister Magnus; German: Großmeister; French: Grand Maître; Spanish: Gran Maestre; Swedish: Stormästare) is a title of the supreme head of various orders, including chivalric orders such as military orders and dynastic orders of knighthood.
The titles of Grandmaster, International Master, FIDE Master and Candidate Master are available to all over-the-board chess players. The requirements for each title have varied over time, but generally require having demonstrated a prescribed level of achievement in tournaments at classical time controls under FIDE-approved conditions.
The following people have all been grandmasters (GM) of chess.The title is awarded to players who have met the standards required by the sport's governing body, FIDE.Other than world champion, it is the highest title a chess player can attain and is awarded for life, although FIDE regulations allow for the revocation of titles for cheating or fraud.
Grand Master, a rank in competitive shooting within the USPSA and IPSC; Grand Master, the highest skill ranking in the Tetris: The Grand Master video game series; Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award, awarded by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America; Grand Master of Memory, awarded by the World Memory Sports Council
This list of top-ranked chess grandmasters is ordered by their peak Elo rating.The cut-off value is 2700 for men (players with a rating at or above this value are colloquially known as super grandmasters) and 2500 for women.
Woman Grand Master (WGM) Requires a minimum rating of 2300 and three norms. Woman International Master (WIM) Requires a minimum rating of 2200 and three norms, while the requirements of achieving a norm are lowered compared to the WGM title. Woman FIDE Master (WFM) Requires a minimum rating of 2100. No norms are required.
The use of "master," "grandmaster," etc. is decided within an individual art or organization. The use may be self assigned; for example having promoted a student to 'teacher' level, or may be assigned by a governing body in arts with a more formalised structure, and some do not use it at all, for historic reasons or to avoid the 'elderly master' stereotype.