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Chromium(III) chloride (also called chromic chloride) is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula Cr Cl 3.It forms several hydrates with the formula CrCl 3 ·nH 2 O, among which are hydrates where n can be 5 (chromium(III) chloride pentahydrate CrCl 3 ·5H 2 O) or 6 (chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate CrCl 3 ·6H 2 O).
Trivalent chromium plating, also known as tri-chrome, Cr 3+, and chrome(III) plating, uses chromium sulfate or chromium chloride as the main ingredient. Trivalent chromium plating is an alternative to hexavalent chromium in certain applications and thicknesses (e.g. decorative plating). [2] A trivalent chromium plating process is similar to the ...
Hexavalent chromium and its compounds are toxic when inhaled or ingested. Trivalent chromium is a trace mineral that is essential to human nutrition. There is a hypothetical risk of genotoxicity in humans if large amounts of trivalent chromium were somehow able to enter living cells, but normal metabolism and cell function prevent this. [2]
In its trivalent form, chromium is relatively harmless and abundant. But heat that is more than 390 degrees Fahrenheit can catalyze chemical reactions that transform it into its more dangerous ...
Chromium compounds are compounds containing the element chromium (Cr). Chromium is a member of group 6 of the transition metals. The +3 and +6 states occur most commonly within chromium compounds, followed by +2; charges of +1, +4 and +5 for chromium are rare, but do nevertheless occasionally exist. [3] [4]
Chromium, especially hexavalent chromium, is highly toxic to fish because it is easily absorbed across the gills, readily enters blood circulation, crosses cell membranes and bioconcentrates up the food chain. In contrast, the toxicity of trivalent chromium is very low, attributed to poor membrane permeability and little biomagnification. [141]
Chromium supplementation in general is subject to a certain amount of controversy as it is by no means clear that chromium is an essential element in human biology. [25] Nevertheless, chromium is an ingredient in total parenteral nutrition, along with other trace minerals. [26] It is also in nutritional products for preterm infants. [27]
Steel is preserved from corrosion by cathodic protection. Conversion coatings (hexavalent chromium (CrVI) or trivalent chromium (CrIII) depending upon OEM requirements) are applied to drastically enhance the corrosion protection by building an additional inhibiting layer of Chromium and Zinc hydroxides.