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  2. Arene substitution pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arene_substitution_pattern

    [6] [7] It was the German chemist Karl Gräbe who, in 1869, first used the prefixes ortho-, meta-, para- to denote specific relative locations of the substituents on a disubstituted aromatic ring (namely naphthalene). [8] In 1870, the German chemist Viktor Meyer first applied Gräbe's nomenclature to benzene. [9]

  3. Heterocyclic compound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterocyclic_compound

    A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). [1] Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles .

  4. Descriptor (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptor_(Chemistry)

    The abbreviation o- (short for ortho, from Ancient Greek ὀρθός, meaning "upright, straight"), [8] m- (meta, μετά, (roughly) "between") [9] and p- (para, παρά, "adjoining, to the side") [10] describe the three possible positional isomers of two substituents on a benzene ring. These are usually two independent single substituents ...

  5. Phenyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenyl_group

    In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5, and is often represented by the symbol Ph (archaically φ) or Ø. The phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen, which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a ...

  6. IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of...

    The numbers for that type of side chain will be grouped in ascending order and written before the name of the side-chain. If there are two side-chains with the same alpha carbon, the number will be written twice. Example: 2,2,3-trimethyl- .

  7. Simple aromatic ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_aromatic_ring

    Many simple aromatic rings have trivial names. They are usually found as substructures of more complex molecules ("substituted aromatics"). Typical simple aromatic compounds are benzene, indole, and pyridine. [1] [2] Simple aromatic rings can be heterocyclic if they contain non-carbon ring atoms, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur.

  8. IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of...

    IUPAC states that, "As one of its major activities, IUPAC develops Recommendations to establish unambiguous, uniform, and consistent nomenclature and terminology for specific scientific fields, usually presented as: glossaries of terms for specific chemical disciplines; definitions of terms relating to a group of properties; nomenclature of chemical compounds and their classes; terminology ...

  9. Chemical nomenclature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature

    3 COOH, which is commonly called acetic acid and is also its recommended IUPAC name, but its formal, systematic IUPAC name is ethanoic acid. The IUPAC's rules for naming organic and inorganic compounds are contained in two publications, known as the Blue Book [1] [2] and the Red Book, [3] respectively.