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In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5, and is often represented by the symbol Ph (archaically φ) or Ø. The phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen, which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a ...
The abbreviation o- (short for ortho, from Greek orthós for upright, straight), [8] m- (meta, Greek (roughly) for between) [9] and p- (para, from Greek pará for adjoining, to the side) [10] describe the three possible positional isomers of two substituents on a benzene ring. These are usually two independent single substituents, but in case ...
The numbers for that type of side chain will be grouped in ascending order and written before the name of the side-chain. If there are two side-chains with the same alpha carbon, the number will be written twice. Example: 2,2,3-trimethyl- .
The Geneva Nomenclature of 1892 was created as a result of many other meetings in the past, the first of which was established in 1860 by August Kekulé. Another entity called the International Association of Chemical Societies (IACS) existed, and on 1911, gave vital propositions the new one should address: [ 2 ]
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). [1] Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles .
In IUPAC nomenclature, the prefix benzyl refers to a C 6 H 5 CH 2 substituent, for example benzyl chloride or benzyl benzoate. Benzyl is not to be confused with phenyl with the formula C 6 H 5 . The term benzylic is used to describe the position of the first carbon bonded to a benzene or other aromatic ring.
[6] [7] It was the German chemist Karl Gräbe who, in 1869, first used the prefixes ortho-, meta-, para- to denote specific relative locations of the substituents on a disubstituted aromatic ring (namely naphthalene). [8] In 1870, the German chemist Viktor Meyer first applied Gräbe's nomenclature to benzene. [9]
In IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry, a pendant group (sometimes spelled pendent) or side group is a group of atoms attached to a backbone chain of a long molecule, usually a polymer. Pendant groups are different from pendant chains, as they are neither oligomeric nor polymeric. [2] For example, the phenyl groups are the pendant groups on a ...