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The House of Welf (also Guelf or Guelph [1]) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century. The originally Franconian family from the Meuse-Moselle area was closely related to the imperial family of the Carolingians .
Coat of arms of the House of Welf (Brunswick-Lüneburg). Blazon: Per pale, I Gules two lions passant guardant Or (for Brunswick), II Or a semy of hearts Gules a lion rampant Azure (for Lunenburg). Date: 7 May 2018: Source: Own work. Author: FDRMRZUSA: Permission (Reusing this file)
Otto IV of Brunswick (House of Welf), king 1208–1215, emperor 1209–1215 Frederick II , king 1212, emperor 1220–1250 Conrad IV , king 1237–1254 (until 1250 under his father)
It was based on the two castles in Brunswick and Lüneburg and the associated estate of the House of Welf. In 1269 there was a first division between the brothers Albrecht and Johann . The resulting principalities of Brunswick and Lüneburg together continued to form the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
The House of Este (UK: / ˈ ɛ s t i / EST-ee, [7] US: / ˈ ɛ s t eɪ / EST-ay, [8] [9] Italian:) is a European dynasty of North Italian origin whose members ruled parts of Italy and Germany for many centuries. The original House of Este's elder branch, which is known as the House of Welf, included dukes of Bavaria and of Brunswick.
Coat of Arms of the House of Welf The last Ottonian duke, Henry IV of Bavaria , was elected King of the Romans in 1002 as Henry II. At different times, the duchy was ruled by the German kings in personal union, by dependent dukes, or even by the emperor's sons, a tradition maintained by Henry's Salian successors.
Coat of arms of the House of Welf-Brunswick (Braunschweig) Arms of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor Arms of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (Chronica Majora) Otto IV (1175 – 19 May 1218) was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 until his death in 1218. Otto spent most of his early life in England and France.
In 2008 a case for restitution was lodged in Germany by the heirs of the Jewish art dealers over the pieces sold in 1934. In March 2014 the Limbach Commission, an advisory body to the German government, concluded that the treasure should not be handed over as the case did not meet the criteria defining a forced sale due to Nazi persecution. [5]