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Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite to water. This method is used to kill bacteria, viruses and other microbes in water. This method is used to kill bacteria, viruses and other microbes in water.
The US has treated drinking water with chlorine for over a century. Routine disinfection began in 1908 in Jersey City, NJ. ... found elevated cancer risks with THM levels as low as 40 parts per ...
DBPs are present in most drinking water supplies that have been subject to chlorination, chloramination, ozonation, or treatment with chlorine dioxide. Many hundreds of DBPs exist in treated drinking water and at least 600 have been identified.
A new analysis of recent research from around the world suggests that chlorination of drinking water at levels common in the United States and the European, while a "cheap, effective, and readily available" method for killing organisms and infectious diseases, it has its drawbacks including a 33% increase in the risk of bladder cancer and an 15 ...
But this latest finding joins plenty of other studies about what, exactly, is in drinking water, from concerns about excess levels of fluoride to the discovery of plastic particles (about 240,000 ...
The generation of liquid sodium hypochlorite is inexpensive and also safer than the use of gas or solid chlorine. Chlorine levels up to 4 milligrams per litre (4 parts per million) are considered safe in drinking water. [10] All forms of chlorine are widely used, despite their respective drawbacks.
As a disinfectant in water, chlorine is more than three times as effective against Escherichia coli as bromine, and more than six times as effective as iodine. [102] Increasingly, monochloramine itself is being directly added to drinking water for purposes of disinfection, a process known as chloramination. [103]
CT Values are an important part of calculating disinfectant dosage for the chlorination of drinking water. A CT value is the product of the concentration of a disinfectant (e.g. free chlorine) and the contact time with the water being disinfected. It is typically expressed in units of mg-min/L.