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  2. Decentralization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralization

    Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those related to planning and decision-making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.

  3. Holacracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holacracy

    Holacracy is a method of decentralized management and organizational governance, which claims to distribute authority and decision-making through a holarchy of self-organizing teams rather than being vested in a management hierarchy. [1] [2] Holacracy has been adopted by for-profit and non-profit organizations in several countries. [3]

  4. Organizational structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_structure

    A functional organizational structure is a structure that consists of activities such as coordination, supervision and task allocation. The organizational structure determines how the organization performs or operates. The term "organizational structure" refers to how the people in an organization are grouped and to whom they report.

  5. Complexity theory and organizations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexity_theory_and...

    Organizations have complex structures in that they are dynamic networks of interactions, and their relationships are not aggregations of the individual static entities. They are adaptive; in that, the individual and collective behavior mutate and self-organize corresponding to a change-initiating micro-event or collection of events.

  6. Decentralised system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralised_system

    Decentralised systems are intricately linked to the idea of self-organisation—a phenomenon in which local interactions between components of a system establish order and coordination to achieve global goals without a central commanding influence.

  7. The Starfish and the Spider - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Starfish_and_the_Spider

    In addition to giving historical examples of decentralized organizations such as Alcoholics Anonymous and the Apaches and analyzing their nature in contrast to centralized organizations, the book considers conflict between centralized and decentralized organizations, including the "If you can't beat them, join them" solution of creating hybrid ...

  8. Functional organization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_organization

    Functional organization is a type of organizational structure that uses the principle of specialization based on function or role. It allows decisions to be decentralized since issues are delegated to specialized persons or units, leaving them the responsibility of implementing, evaluating, or controlling the given procedures or goals.

  9. Federalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalism

    In anarchism, federalism is a horizontalist and decentralized organizational doctrine which holds that society should be built from the bottom-up, from the periphery to the centre. Higher-order units are merely the direct expression of lower-order units delegating, combining and coordinating.