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Solfège table in an Irish classroom. Tonic sol-fa (or tonic sol-fah) is a pedagogical technique for teaching sight-singing, invented by Sarah Anna Glover (1786–1867) of Norwich, England and popularised by John Curwen, who adapted it from a number of earlier musical systems.
Italian "solfeggio" and English/French "solfège" derive from the names of two of the syllables used: sol and fa.[2] [3]The generic term "solmization", referring to any system of denoting pitches of a musical scale by syllables, including those used in India and Japan as well as solfège, comes from French solmisation, from the Latin solfège syllables sol and mi.
Guidonian hand, from 1274 Biblioteca Ambrosiana. Solmization is a mnemonic system in which a distinct syllable is attributed to each note of a musical scale.Various forms of solmization are in use and have been used throughout the world, but solfège is the most common convention in countries of Western culture.
In music, ear training is the study and practice in which musicians learn various aural skills to detect and identify pitches, intervals, melody, chords, rhythms, solfeges, and other basic elements of music, solely by hearing.
GNU Solfege is an ear training program written in Python intended to help musicians improve their skills and knowledge. It is free software and part of the GNU Project . GNU Solfege is available for Linux , [ 2 ] Windows , and OS X .
Depiction of Curwen's Solfege hand signs. This version includes the tonal tendencies and interesting titles for each tone. Hand signs, also borrowed from the teachings of Curwen, are performed during singing exercises to provide a visual aid. [2]: 156 This technique assigns to each scale degree a hand sign that shows its particular tonal function
The practice of singing music to syllables designating pitch goes back to about AD 1000 with the work of Guido of Arezzo. Other early work in this area includes the cipher notation of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (18th century), and the tonic sol-fa of Sarah Anna Glover and John Curwen (19th century).
Sacred harp music uses a different kind of scale and theory in practice. The music focuses on the solfege "fa, sol, la" on the music scale. Sacred Harp also employs a different notation involving "shape notes", or notes that are shaped to correspond to a certain solfege syllable on the music scale.