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  2. Patellofemoral pain syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellofemoral_pain_syndrome

    Patellofemoral pain syndrome; Other names: Patellar overload syndrome, runner's knee, [1] retropatellar pain syndrome [1] Diagram of the bones of the lower extremity. Rough distribution of areas affected by PFPS highlighted in red: patella and distal femur. Specialty: Orthopedics, sports medicine: Symptoms: Pain in the front of the knee [1 ...

  3. Abducens nerve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abducens_nerve

    The abducens nerve or abducent nerve, also known as the sixth cranial nerve, cranial nerve VI, or simply CN VI, is a cranial nerve in humans and various other animals that controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, one of the extraocular muscles responsible for outward gaze. It is a somatic efferent nerve.

  4. Patellar reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellar_reflex

    Schematic representation of patellar tendon reflex (knee jerk) pathway. The patellar reflex, also called the knee reflex or knee-jerk, is a stretch reflex which tests the L2, L3, and L4 segments of the spinal cord. Many animals, most significantly humans, have been seen to have the patellar reflex, including dogs, cats, horses, and other ...

  5. Articular capsule of the knee joint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articular_capsule_of_the...

    The articular capsule of the knee joint is the wide and lax joint capsule of the knee. It is thin in front and at the side, and contains the patella, ligaments, menisci, and bursae of the knee. [1] The capsule consists of an inner synovial membrane, and an outer fibrous membrane separated by fatty deposits anteriorly and posteriorly. [2]

  6. Chondromalacia patellae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondromalacia_patellae

    The patella's posterior surface is covered with a layer of smooth cartilage, which the base of the femur normally glides smoothly against when the knee is bent. However, in some individuals the kneecap tends to rub against one side of the knee joint, irritating the cartilage and causing knee pain.

  7. Pyramidal tracts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramidal_tracts

    The upper motor neurons of the corticobulbar tract synapse with interneurons or directly with the lower motor neurons located in the motor cranial nerve nuclei, namely oculomotor, trochlear, motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, abducens, facial nerve and accessory and in the nucleus ambiguus to the hypoglossal, vagus and accessory nerves. [6]

  8. Attenuated patella alta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuated_patella_alta

    Attenuated patella alta is an extremely rare condition affecting mobility and leg strength. It is characterized by an unusually small knee cap that develops out of and above the joint. Typically, as the knee cap sits in the joint, it is stimulated to growth by abrasion from the opposing bones.

  9. Patellar plexus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellar_plexus

    The patellar plexus is a nerve plexus within the subcutaneous tissue overlying and surrounding the patella [1] [2] and ligamentum patellae. [1] It is a fine network of communicating nerve fibres. [ 2 ]

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