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Pontifical vestments, also referred to as episcopal vestments or pontificals, are the liturgical vestments worn by bishops (and by concession some other prelates) in the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran churches, in addition to the usual priestly vestments for the celebration of the Holy Mass, other sacraments, sacramentals, and canonical hours.
The liturgical vestments of the Christian churches grew out of normal civil clothing, but the dress of church leaders began to be differentiated as early as the 4th century. By the end of the 13th century the forms used in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches had become established, while the Reformation led to changes in Protestant ...
Priest in phelonion (left) and archbishop of Prague Joachim in sakkos Greek-Catholic bishop wearing a sakkos. What appears to be a collar is a separate vestment, called the omophorion (Prešov, Slovakia). The sakkos (Greek: σάκκος, "sackcloth" [1]) is a vestment worn by Orthodox and Greek Catholic bishops instead of the priest's phelonion.
Ornate vestments which are used by the Catholic clergy: A chasuble, dalmatic, cope, and a biretta. For the Eucharist, each vestment symbolizes a spiritual dimension of the priesthood, with roots in the very origins of the Church. In some measure these vestments harken to the Roman roots of the Western Church. Use of the following vestments varies.
At present, only the pope, metropolitan archbishops within their archdiocese, and the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem wear the pallium. Under the 1917 Code of Canon Law, a metropolitan had to receive the pallium before exercising his office in his ecclesiastical province, even if he was previously metropolitan elsewhere, but these restrictions were absent in the revised 1983 Code of Canon Law. [4]
The earliest Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England contemplated the continued use of the cope, with the post-English Reformation 1549 Prayer Book specifying that the priest at Holy Communion should wear "a vestment or cope". It was common, particularly in English cathedrals, for the priest or bishop to wear a cope for Holy Communion.
All ordained men in the Latin Church of the Catholic Church are entitled to wear the black zucchetto unless promoted to a higher office, and it is worn with either the cassock or liturgical vestments, never a suit. [17] When a biretta or mitre is worn, a zucchetto is always worn underneath, hence its other names of subbirettum and submitrale. [18]
Clerical clothing is non-liturgical clothing worn exclusively by clergy.It is distinct from vestments in that it is not reserved specifically for use in the liturgy.Practices vary: clerical clothing is sometimes worn under vestments, and sometimes as the everyday clothing or street wear of a priest, minister, or other clergy member.