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Möbius transformations can be more generally defined in spaces of dimension n > 2 as the bijective conformal orientation-preserving maps from the n-sphere to the n-sphere. Such a transformation is the most general form of conformal mapping of a domain.
An example of such linear fractional transformation is the Cayley transform, which was originally defined on the 3 × 3 real matrix ring. Linear fractional transformations are widely used in various areas of mathematics and its applications to engineering, such as classical geometry , number theory (they are used, for example, in Wiles's proof ...
For example, if one starts with Euler's totient function φ, and repeatedly applies the transformation process, one obtains: φ the totient function; φ ∗ 1 = I, where I(n) = n is the identity function; I ∗ 1 = σ 1 = σ, the divisor function; If the starting function is the Möbius function itself, the list of functions is: μ, the Möbius ...
Examples of Möbius transformations include dilations, rotations, translations, and complex inversion. In fact, any Möbius transformation can be written as a composition of these. The Möbius transformations are homographies on the complex projective line. In projective coordinates, the transformation f can be written
As functions of , these are examples of Möbius transformations, which under composition of functions form the Mobius group PGL(2, C). The six transformations form a subgroup known as the anharmonic group, again isomorphic to S 3. They are the torsion elements (elliptic transforms) in PGL(2, C).
A simple further example of a Möbius plane can be achieved if one replaces the real numbers by rational numbers. The usage of complex numbers (instead of the real numbers) does not lead to a Möbius plane, because in the complex affine plane the curve x 2 + y 2 = 1 {\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=1} is not a circle-like curve, but a hyperbola-like one.
In mathematics, Liouville's theorem, proved by Joseph Liouville in 1850, [1] is a rigidity theorem about conformal mappings in Euclidean space.It states that every smooth conformal mapping on a domain of R n, where n > 2, can be expressed as a composition of translations, similarities, orthogonal transformations and inversions: they are Möbius transformations (in n dimensions).
In mathematics, a Kleinian group is a discrete subgroup of the group of orientation-preserving isometries of hyperbolic 3-space H 3.The latter, identifiable with PSL(2, C), is the quotient group of the 2 by 2 complex matrices of determinant 1 by their center, which consists of the identity matrix and its product by −1.