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  2. Wind gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_gradient

    A wind speed gradient of 4 (m/s)/km can produce refraction equal to a typical temperature lapse rate of 7.5 °C/km. [51] Higher values of wind gradient will refract sound downward toward the surface in the downwind direction, [52] eliminating the acoustic shadow on the downwind side. This will increase the audibility of sounds downwind.

  3. Acoustic shadow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_shadow

    A short-distance acoustic shadow occurs behind a building or a sound barrier. The sound from a source is shielded by the obstruction. Due to diffraction around the object, it will not be completely silent in the sound shadow. The amplitude of the sound can be reduced considerably, however, depending on the additional distance the sound has to ...

  4. Speed of sound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound

    The speed of sound varies with temperature. Since temperature and sound velocity normally decrease with increasing altitude, sound is refracted upward, away from listeners on the ground, creating an acoustic shadow at some distance from the source. [9] Wind shear of 4 m/(s · km) can produce refraction equal to a typical temperature lapse rate ...

  5. Acoustic location - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_location

    Swedish soldiers operating an acoustic locator in 1940. Acoustic location is a method of determining the position of an object or sound source by using sound waves. Location can take place in gases (such as the atmosphere), liquids (such as water), and in solids (such as in the earth).

  6. Atmospheric optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_optics

    The shadow of the photographer's head marks the centre of the rainbow circle (antisolar point). A rainbow is a narrow, multicoloured semicircular arc due to dispersion of white light by a multitude of drops of water, usually in the form of rain, when they are illuminated by sunlight.

  7. Wind shear - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_shear

    Thermal wind is a meteorological term not referring to an actual wind, but a difference in the geostrophic wind between two pressure levels p 1 and p 0, with p 1 < p 0; in essence, wind shear. It is only present in an atmosphere with horizontal changes in temperature (or in an ocean with horizontal gradients of density ), i.e., baroclinicity .

  8. Bills aim to expand distance between turbines and homes ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/bills-aim-expand-distance...

    The law currently requires wind turbines to be a distance at least equal to the height of the structure away from property lines. However bills 28, 29 and 30 all look to increase that amount. Bill ...

  9. Prevailing winds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevailing_winds

    In meteorology, prevailing wind in a region of the Earth's surface is a surface wind that blows predominantly from a particular direction. The dominant winds are the trends in direction of wind with the highest speed over a particular point on the Earth's surface at any given time.