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Case studies are generally a single-case design, but can also be a multiple-case design, where replication instead of sampling is the criterion for inclusion. [2] Like other research methodologies within psychology, the case study must produce valid and reliable results in order to be useful for the development of future research. Distinct ...
A federal criminal record may include acquittals, case dismissals, and convictions. [4] In the UK, police forces can reveal whether individuals have been acquitted of criminal charges when issuing information for enhanced record checks, according to a 2018 Supreme Court ruling. [5]
Explanatory case studies explore causation to identify underlying principles. [23] [24] However, there is a debate to whether case studies count as a scientific research method. Clinical psychologists use case studies most often, especially to describe abnormal events and conditions, which are particularly important in clinical research. [25]
Kalven's and Zeisel's study of the American jury found that juries acquitted when judges would have convicted in only 19% of cases, and of these, only 21% of the acquittals were attributable to jury nullification. [12] Jury nullification sometimes takes the form of a jury convicting the defendant of lesser charges than the prosecutor sought. [13]
A conviction is a legal declaration that someone is guilty of committing an offense, determined through a jury's or bench's verdict within a court of law. [1] Conviction rates reflect many aspects of the legal processes and systems at work within the jurisdiction, and are a source of both jurisdictional pride and broad controversy.
In law, a conviction is the determination by a court of law that a defendant is guilty of a crime. [1] A conviction may follow a guilty plea that is accepted by the court, a jury trial in which a verdict of guilty is delivered, or a trial by judge in which the defendant is found guilty. The opposite of a conviction is an acquittal (that
Situation sampling involves the study of behavior in many different locations, and under different circumstances and conditions. [2] By sampling different situations, researchers reduce the chance that the results they obtain will be particular to a certain set of circumstances or conditions.
The study into the unconscious motive for criminal behaviour takes into account the uncontrollable variables human possesses such as the neurobiological pathways and reactions. The biochemical association towards crime must acknowledge psychophysiology , brain mechanism and genetic factors that contribute towards dysfunctional personalities.