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Using the twenty natural amino acids, for example, in a tripeptide creates 8,000 (20 3) possibilities. Solid-phase methods for small molecules were later introduced and Furka devised a "split and mix" approach [2] [4] In its modern form, combinatorial chemistry has probably had its biggest impact in the pharmaceutical industry. [5]
Flow chemistry is a continuous reaction method where reactants are pumped through a reactor, allowing precise control over reaction conditions and scalability. This approach has been employed in the large-scale production of pharmaceuticals such as Tamoxifen. [5]
The Ugi reaction has been applied in combination with an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction [16] in an extended multistep reaction. A reaction in its own right is the Ugi–Smiles reaction with the carboxylic acid component replaced by a phenol. In this reaction the Mumm rearrangement in the final step is replaced by the Smiles rearrangement. [17]
In the gas phase, the comproportionation reaction is much faster because of the much higher mobility of the reacting species as illustrated, e.g., in the Claus reaction where H 2 S and SO 2 react together to form elemental sulfur. Various classical comproportionation reactions are detailed in the series of examples here below.
These reactions are more likely to involve a series of bimolecular reactions. New MCR's are found by building a chemical library from combinatorial chemistry or by combining existing MCR's. [3] For example, a 7-component MCR results from combining the Ugi reaction with the Asinger reaction. [4] MCR's are an important tool in new drug discovery.
For example, water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom: the chemical formula is H 2 O. In the case of non-stoichiometric compounds , the proportions may be reproducible with regard to their preparation, and give fixed proportions of their component elements, but proportions that are not integral [e.g., for palladium ...
One example of a synthesis reaction is the combination of iron and sulfur to form iron(II) sulfide: + Another example is simple hydrogen gas combined with simple oxygen gas to produce a more complex substance, such as water.
The Henry reaction is a classic carbon–carbon bond formation reaction in organic chemistry.Discovered in 1895 by the Belgian chemist Louis Henry (1834–1913), it is the combination of a nitroalkane and an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a base to form β-nitro alcohols.