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A programme with an integrated loudness of −26 LUFS measures −3 LU in EBU Mode (i.e. is 3 LU quieter than the target level). LRA Loudness Range [8] A statistically determined value that describes the loudness variation (dynamics) of a programme. R 128 does not prescribe a maximum loudness range. LRA could be limited arbitrarily during ...
Musical acoustics or music acoustics is a multidisciplinary field that combines knowledge from physics, [1] [2] [3] psychophysics, [4] organology [5] (classification of the instruments), physiology, [6] music theory, [7] ethnomusicology, [8] signal processing and instrument building, [9] among other disciplines.
Temporal envelope (ENV) and temporal fine structure (TFS) are changes in the amplitude and frequency of sound perceived by humans over time. These temporal changes are responsible for several aspects of auditory perception, including loudness, pitch and timbre perception and spatial hearing.
When sensorineural hearing loss (damage to the cochlea or in the brain) is present, the perception of loudness is altered. Sounds at low levels (often perceived by those without hearing loss as relatively quiet) are no longer audible to the hearing impaired, but sounds at high levels often are perceived as having the same loudness as they would for an unimpaired listener.
Expressed in decibels, the dynamic range is 20 log (Vmax/Vmin). For example, a device with an input range of ±10 V and a dynamic range of 110 dB will be able to measure a signal as small as 10 μV. Thus, the input range and the specified dynamic range are important for determining the needs of your instrumentation system.
On the other hand, frequency range is a term sometimes used of loudspeakers and other transducers to indicate the frequencies that are usable, without necessarily specifying a decibel range. Power bandwidth is also related to frequency response – indicating the range of frequencies usable at high power.
Musical acoustics is the study of the physics of acoustic instruments; the audio signal processing used in electronic music; the computer analysis of music and composition, and the perception and cognitive neuroscience of music. [30]
A "register" of the human voice, such as whistle register, is a series of tones of like quality originating through operation of the larynx.The constituent tones result from similar patterns of vibration in the vocal folds, which can generate several different such patterns, each resulting in characteristic sounds within a particular range of pitches. [1]