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  2. Paternal mtDNA transmission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternal_mtDNA_transmission

    [2] [3] [4] In testing 172 sheep, "The Mitochondrial DNA from three lambs in two half-sib families were found to show paternal inheritance." [5] An instance of paternal leakage resulted in a study on chickens. [6] There has been evidences that paternal leakage is an integral part of mitochondrial inheritance of Drosophila simulans. [7]

  3. Human mitochondrial genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mitochondrial_genetics

    In humans, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) forms closed circular molecules that contain 16,569 [4] [5] DNA base pairs, [6] with each such molecule normally containing a full set of the mitochondrial genes. Each human mitochondrion contains, on average, approximately 5 such mtDNA molecules, with the quantity ranging between 1 and 15. [ 6 ]

  4. Mitochondrial Eve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve

    Scientists sort mitochondrial DNA results into more or less related groups, with more or less recent common ancestors. This leads to the construction of a DNA family tree where the branches are in biological terms clades , and the common ancestors such as Mitochondrial Eve sit at branching points in this tree.

  5. Mitochondrial DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA

    Mitochondrial DNA is a small portion of the DNA contained in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA is in the cell nucleus, and, in plants and algae, the DNA also is found in plastids, such as chloroplasts. [3] Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. [4]

  6. Biparental inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biparental_inheritance

    Sexual reproduction, where offspring result from the fusion of gametes from two parents, is the most common form of biparental inheritance. While less common, cases of biparental inheritance in extranuclear genes have been documented, such as biparental inheritance of mitochondrial DNA, or chloroplast DNA in plants. [1]

  7. Kearns–Sayre syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kearns–Sayre_syndrome

    KSS is the result of deletions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that cause a particular constellation of medical signs and symptoms. mtDNA is transmitted exclusively from the mother's ovum. [10] Mitochondrial DNA is composed of 37 genes found in the single circular chromosome measuring 16,569 base pairs in length.

  8. Extranuclear inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extranuclear_inheritance

    Mitochondria with their mitochondrial DNA are already present in the egg cell before it gets fertilized by a sperm. In many cases of fertilization, the head of the sperm enters the egg cell; leaving its middle part, with its mitochondria, behind. The mitochondrial DNA of the sperm often remains outside the zygote and gets excluded from inheritance.

  9. Heteroplasmy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteroplasmy

    [1] At birth, all copies of mitochondrial DNA are thought to be identical in most humans. [2] Microheteroplasmy is mutations of up to about 2−5% of mitochondrial genomes, and is present in most adults. This refers to hundreds of independent mutations in one organism, with each mutation found in about 1–2% of all mitochondrial genomes. [3]